Bureau Veritas has granted Approval in Principle (AIP) certification to CSSC Jiangnan Shipyard for a 20,000 m³ liquid hydrogen carrier designed for long-distance green hydrogen transport between East Asia, the Middle East, and Australia.
Hydrogen Carrier Design Certified
The vessel features Jiangnan Shipyard’s proprietary ultra-low-temperature cargo containment system, enabling safe hydrogen transport while significantly reducing boil-off rate. The AIP certification validates the technical feasibility and safety of the design, paving the way for construction of what would be one of the world’s largest liquid hydrogen carriers.
Long-distance hydrogen shipping requires maintaining cargo at -253°C throughout voyages potentially spanning thousands of nautical miles. The reduced boil-off rate is critical for commercial viability, as hydrogen loss during transport directly impacts the economics of international green hydrogen trade.
Supporting Infrastructure Development
The certified design targets emerging hydrogen export routes from Australia and the Middle East—regions developing large-scale green hydrogen production capacity—to energy-importing nations in East Asia. This aligns with Japan and South Korea’s strategies to import significant volumes of hydrogen as part of their decarbonization pathways.
Why This Matters
AIP certification for a 20,000 m³ hydrogen carrier marks a critical step toward establishing international hydrogen shipping routes. While smaller demonstration vessels have proven the concept, commercial-scale hydrogen trade requires purpose-built carriers with capacities sufficient to make long-distance transport economically viable. The vessel’s focus on East Asia-Middle East-Australia routes directly addresses the anticipated major hydrogen trade corridors of the 2030s, where resource-rich exporters will supply demand centers lacking domestic renewable energy capacity. Bureau Veritas’s independent technical validation reduces investment risk for shipowners and charterers planning to participate in the emerging hydrogen shipping market.
Additional Green Ship Certifications
Bureau Veritas also granted AIP certification to three other Jiangnan Shipyard projects supporting maritime decarbonization:
200,000 m³ ULAC-FSRU: Ultra-large ammonia carrier with regasification capability for direct pipeline supply
175,000 m³ MARK III Flex LNG Carrier: Optimized design reducing carbon emissions and methane slip
JINAGAS Ammonia Fuel Supply System: Zero-carbon fuel solution compliant with IMO interim guidelines for ammonia as fuel
The certifications strengthen cooperation between Bureau Veritas and Jiangnan Shipyard, supporting practical deployment of green shipping technologies across multiple alternative fuel pathways.
Source: Bureau Veritas Marine & Offshore – “BV Grants AIP Certification to Four Jiangnan Shipyard Projects” (December 29, 2025)
ABB and HDF Energy have signed a joint development agreement to create high-power fuel cell units enabling megawatt-scale hydrogen installations on large seagoing vessels, including container feeder ships and liquefied hydrogen carriers, marking a significant step toward scaling fuel cell technology beyond small vessel applications.
Timeline and Commercial Viability
The agreement foresees pilot installations in 2028-2029 and serial production from 2030, representing a major advancement in developing fuel cells as a commercially viable option for maritime decarbonization. The project builds on an earlier Memorandum of Understanding signed between ABB and HDF Energy in 2020.
Technology Partnership
The collaboration combines complementary expertise from both companies. France-based HDF will provide the fuel cell technology, while ABB will supply power converters, power management, and electrical and control integration, with the two parties collaborating on specifications, conceptual design, and commercial opportunities. Note that ABB already has relevant experience from an earlier
The high-power fuel cell unit will enable reducing maritime emissions by facilitating the construction of large hydrogen-electric vessels and allowing diesel auxiliary gensets to be replaced with hydrogen fuel cell units on board existing ships. Where the fuel cells utilize green hydrogen, the decarbonization impact will be particularly significant.
System Integration
ABB’s Onboard DC Grid power system will ensure the unit can be integrated seamlessly with other power sources and subsystems such as battery energy storage, where the fuel cells will maximize the operational range and flexibility of the hybrid power system.
Beyond propulsion applications, the unit has potential to accelerate marine electrification as an auxiliary power source for shore-power and charging infrastructure in ports, supporting peak power demands when grid capacity is limited.
Scaling Beyond Small Vessels
While fuel cell systems have been demonstrated on smaller vessels such as tugs, they have yet to see commercial-scale deployment on large ships. This development represents a critical step in scaling the technology to larger vessel applications where power requirements are substantially higher.
Why This Matters
This partnership addresses one of the most critical barriers to hydrogen adoption in deep-sea shipping: the lack of megawatt-scale fuel cell systems. While smaller vessels have successfully demonstrated fuel cell technology, larger ships require power outputs that existing marine fuel cells simply cannot deliver. By targeting megawatt-scale installations, ABB and HDF Energy are tackling the power density challenge that has kept fuel cells confined to harbor craft and short-sea applications. The 2028-2029 pilot timeline is aggressive but realistic, giving shipowners planning hydrogen vessels for early-2030s delivery a viable propulsion option. More significantly, the hybrid integration approach—combining fuel cells with ABB’s DC Grid and battery storage—offers operational flexibility that pure fuel cell systems lack, potentially making this the first commercially scalable solution for hydrogen propulsion on container feeders and other medium-to-large vessels.
Industry Response
“We at HDF are very excited to combine our fuel cell knowledge with ABB’s marine systems integration expertise to provide a practical means of decarbonizing the maritime industry,” said Hanane El Hamraoui, CEO of HDF Energy.
“ABB and HDF have been collaborating for several years, making significant progress toward a viable solution for decarbonizing larger vessels,” said Rune Braastad, President of ABB’s Marine & Ports division. “We at ABB remain fully committed to developing technologies that accelerate maritime decarbonization, and this new agreement with HDF reflects another important step forward.”
Target Applications
The technology targets several vessel categories that could benefit from megawatt-scale fuel cell power. Container feeder ships operating on regional routes represent an ideal application, as their shorter voyage distances align with current hydrogen storage capabilities while their power requirements demand the megawatt-scale units this partnership aims to deliver.
Liquefied hydrogen carriers present another logical application, as these vessels would have ready access to their cargo for fuel, though technical challenges around boil-off management and fuel handling would need resolution.
Hybrid System Advantages
The integration with ABB’s DC Grid platform enables fuel cells to operate alongside batteries and other power sources, providing operational flexibility that single-fuel systems cannot match. This hybrid approach allows vessels to optimize between fuel cell efficiency during steady-state operations and battery power for peak demands or maneuvering.
Key system components:
Fuel Cells: Megawatt-scale units for primary power generation
Power Converters: ABB-supplied systems for electrical integration
DC Grid Integration: Seamless operation with other power sources
Battery Storage: Support for peak power demands
Shore Power Capability: Auxiliary power for port infrastructure
The system’s potential use as auxiliary power for shore-side infrastructure could accelerate adoption by providing additional revenue streams and use cases beyond vessel propulsion.
Development Timeline
The joint development agreement establishes a clear roadmap:
2025-2027: Design and engineering phase
2028-2029: Pilot installations on test vessels
2030 onwards: Serial production and commercial deployment
This timeline positions the technology to support the wave of hydrogen vessel orders expected in the late 2020s as shipping companies work to meet IMO 2050 decarbonization targets.
Norway’s state-owned Enova has awarded substantial funding for six hydrogen-powered bulk carriers, marking a significant acceleration in the deployment of zero-emission maritime technology. The latest round brings the total number of liquid hydrogen bulk carriers to four, demonstrating growing confidence in hydrogen as a viable marine fuel.
Expanding the Liquid Hydrogen Fleet
LH2 Shipping, in partnership with Strand Shipping Bergen (part of the Vertom Group), received approximately $29 million in additional funding from Enova to construct two more liquid hydrogen-powered bulk carriers. This award follows an earlier grant of $23.5 million secured in the spring for the first two vessels, bringing the total number of hydrogen-powered ships in the project to four.
Source: LH2 Shipping
The expanded funding represents more than NOK 536 million ($52.5 million) in total state support for this single project—a clear signal of Norway’s commitment to maritime decarbonization.
Technical Specifications
The four vessels, branded under the “NordBulk” project, will be 7,700 dwt bulk carriers designed for short sea shipping. Each 108-meter (353-foot) vessel will transport bulk and general cargo between northern Norway, the Baltic region, and mainland Europe.
Key technical features:
LH₂ Storage: 17 tonnes liquid hydrogen capacity per vessel
Power Generation: 3.5 MW PEM fuel cells
Battery Support: 1.5 MWh battery pack to support fuel cell operation
Shore Power: Equipped for shore power connection during loading/unloading
Backup System: Standby diesel/biodiesel generator for operational redundancy
The onboard hydrogen systems consist of C-type vacuum-insulated tanks storing liquid hydrogen at -253°C. This proven technology builds directly on the experience gained from Norled’s MF Hydra ferry, which has been operating successfully on liquid hydrogen since 2023.
Coastal Hydrogen Operations
In addition to the liquid hydrogen bulk carriers, GMI Rederi received funding to construct two coastal bulk carriers powered by compressed hydrogen. These vessels will combine multiple zero-emission technologies:
Fuel cells running on compressed hydrogen
Battery energy storage systems
Wind-assisted propulsion technology
The ships will operate along the Norwegian coast, transporting asphalt and construction materials—applications where the shorter range and established coastal infrastructure make compressed hydrogen a practical choice.
Building the Supply Chain
A critical component of these projects is the parallel development of hydrogen production and bunkering infrastructure. In November 2024, Enova awarded over NOK 777 million ($70.9 million) to five hydrogen production projects along the Norwegian coast, from Slagentangen in the southeast to Bodø in the north.
These production facilities will provide:
Total capacity: 120 MW
Daily production: Approximately 40 tons of hydrogen
Coverage: Strategic locations along major shipping routes
Nils Kristian Nakstad, CEO of Enova, stated: “The projects that receive support will be part of a network of hydrogen producers along the Norwegian coastline. This will make hydrogen more accessible to those who want to invest in sustainable shipping.”
The Economics of Hydrogen Shipping
The business case for hydrogen vessels is improving rapidly due to several factors:
Regulatory Drivers:
EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) now includes maritime transport
Cost Competitiveness: With carbon pricing mechanisms in place, the cost gap between fossil fuels and hydrogen is narrowing. After 2030, when CO₂ emission fees increase further under EU regulations, zero-emission vessels are expected to achieve operational cost parity with conventional ships on many routes.
The Enova grants cover up to 80% of the additional costs associated with hydrogen technology—a significant increase from the previous 40% support level. This enhanced support reflects Norway’s strategic goal to establish first-mover advantage in zero-emission shipping technologies.
Environmental Impact
The six hydrogen-powered bulk carriers receiving funding in this round will collectively contribute to:
Annual CO₂ reduction: Significant emissions cuts in short-sea shipping
Zero local emissions: No NOx, SOx, or particulate matter during fuel cell operation
Scalable model: Demonstration of commercially viable hydrogen operations
Enova emphasizes that supporting these pioneer vessels creates the foundation for broader adoption. As Andreas Bjelland Eriksen, Norway’s Minister for Climate and Environment, stated: “Norway must be at the forefront of the transition at sea.”
Timeline and Next Steps
The vessels are expected to enter service between 2026 and 2029, with construction beginning in 2025. Shipyard selection is underway, with Norwegian and European yards competing for the contracts.
Enova has announced it will continue its support programs, with additional funding rounds planned for 2025 and 2026. The organization reports receiving 31 applications in the latest round, indicating strong industry interest in hydrogen and ammonia propulsion.
Industry Significance
This latest funding announcement positions Norway as the clear leader in hydrogen shipping deployment. The country’s comprehensive approach—supporting vessels, production facilities, and infrastructure simultaneously—creates the conditions for a functioning hydrogen maritime ecosystem.
For the global shipping industry, Norway’s hydrogen program provides crucial real-world data on:
Operational costs of hydrogen vs. conventional fuel
Reliability of liquid vs. compressed hydrogen systems
Integration challenges in existing shipping operations
Bunkering procedures and infrastructure requirements
As the maritime industry faces increasing pressure to decarbonize, Norway’s hydrogen pioneers are demonstrating that zero-emission bulk shipping is not just technically feasible—it’s becoming economically viable.
Looking Ahead
With four liquid hydrogen bulk carriers and two compressed hydrogen coastal vessels now funded and under development, Norway is creating a critical mass of hydrogen shipping operations. When these vessels enter service, they will provide the operational experience needed to scale hydrogen technology across larger ships and longer routes.
The success of these projects will be closely watched by shipowners worldwide, particularly in Europe where emissions regulations are tightening rapidly. If the NordBulk vessels demonstrate reliable, cost-competitive operations, they may catalyze a broader shift toward hydrogen in the short-sea shipping segment.
This article is based on reports from Maritime Executive, Ship & Bunker, Clean Shipping International, Norwegian Hydrogen, Hellenic Shipping News, and official Enova communications.
December 18, 2024 marked a watershed moment for maritime decarbonization as VINSSEN, a South Korean clean technology firm, launched the Hydro Zenith — the nation’s first hydrogen fuel-cell powered vessel built in full compliance with official safety standards.
Source: Vinssen
The launch ceremony at VINSSEN’s Yeongam facility drew over 100 attendees, including government officials from Jeollanam-do Province and Yeongam County, industry partners, and research institutions. This milestone represents more than just a technological achievement; it signals South Korea’s serious commitment to transforming its maritime sector toward zero-emission operations.
A Vessel Built on New Standards
What sets Hydro Zenith apart is its development under the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries’ Interim Standards, established in 2023 specifically for hydrogen fuel-cell propulsion vessels. These regulations provide a clear framework for design, equipment configuration, and inspection procedures, enabling hydrogen-powered ships to be built and certified within existing ship safety laws.
The leisure vessel showcases impressive technical specifications. Its hybrid propulsion system combines two 100 kW hydrogen fuel cells with four 92 kWh battery packs, delivering speeds up to 20 knots (approximately 37 km/h) while producing zero emissions. The hydrogen fuel cell technology operates by creating an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen at the anode and cathode, generating direct current electricity along with only heat and water as byproducts.
Smart Technology Meets Clean Energy
Beyond its clean propulsion system, Hydro Zenith integrates sophisticated digital monitoring capabilities that track vessel performance and energy consumption in real-time. This data-driven approach enables predictive maintenance and optimized operations — essential features as the maritime industry transitions toward digital management systems.
The vessel’s hydrogen fuel cell system has undergone rigorous safety verification through pre-certification by the Korea Marine Traffic Safety Authority (KOMSA), demonstrating that it can be deployed without requiring regulatory exemptions. This achievement is particularly significant as it proves hydrogen technology can meet stringent maritime safety requirements.
Public-Private Collaboration at Work
The Hydro Zenith project exemplifies effective public-private partnership, with joint funding from Jeollanam-do Province, Yeongam County, and VINSSEN, supported by leading Korean research institutions including JNTP, KOMERI, and KITECH. Each partner brought specialized expertise: technical and regulatory support, hull stability assessment, fuel cell system performance evaluation, and advanced welding technology.
VINSSEN CEO Chil Han Lee emphasized the project’s broader significance, noting it represents an essential step toward achieving carbon neutrality and improving Korea’s maritime environment. The company, which holds over 50 patents related to electric propulsion and hydrogen fuel cell systems, aims to convert diesel-powered vessels into eco-friendly alternatives.
The Path Forward: Sea Trials and Beyond
With the launch complete, Hydro Zenith will now undergo comprehensive real-sea trials to validate hydrogen vessel safety standards and demonstrate operational viability. These trials will provide critical data to accelerate the commercialization of zero-emission marine mobility solutions.
VINSSEN isn’t stopping here. The company recently showcased its 100 kW and 250 kW marine hydrogen fuel cell systems, both currently undergoing type approval processes. In March 2025, VINSSEN also secured Approval in Principle from Korean Register for what would be South Korea’s first hydrogen fuel-cell powered tugboat, featuring a robust 2,700 kW system.
The company has already received international recognition as well, including Type Approval from Italian classification society RINA for its 60 kW maritime fuel cell stack, and project-based approval from Bureau Veritas for trials conducted in Singapore with partners including Shell, Seatrium Limited, and Air Liquide.
Korea’s Hydrogen Maritime Vision
The Hydro Zenith launch fits into South Korea’s ambitious national hydrogen strategy. The country has positioned itself as a global hydrogen frontrunner, with Hyundai Motor launching the world’s first commercial fuel cell electric vehicle back in 2013. The government’s Hydrogen Economy Roadmap sets aggressive targets: producing 6.2 million fuel cell electric vehicles by 2040 and establishing 15 gigawatts of fuel cell power generation capacity.
While fuel cell systems have been demonstrated on smaller vessels for shorter routes, commercial-scale deployment on large ships remains an ongoing challenge. However, projects like Hydro Zenith provide essential proof-of-concept and regulatory frameworks that could pave the way for broader adoption.
The Bigger Picture
As the maritime industry faces mounting pressure to reduce its carbon footprint, hydrogen fuel cells offer a promising pathway forward. Unlike battery-electric systems limited by weight and range constraints, hydrogen can provide the energy density needed for longer voyages while producing zero emissions at the point of use.
The success of Hydro Zenith demonstrates that hydrogen marine technology is moving from experimental concept to regulatory-compliant reality. With proper safety frameworks, technological innovation, and collaborative partnerships, hydrogen-powered vessels could become a significant part of the maritime decarbonization puzzle.
VINSSEN’s achievement also highlights South Korea’s strategic approach to building a complete hydrogen ecosystem — from production facilities and refueling infrastructure to end-use applications across automotive, industrial, and now maritime sectors.
As Hydro Zenith prepares for its sea trials in 2025, the maritime industry will be watching closely. The data and operational experience gained from this pioneering vessel could help chart the course for hydrogen’s role in achieving the sector’s ambitious climate goals.
The Hydro Zenith represents not just a technological milestone, but a tangible step toward reimagining marine transportation for a zero-emission future. As countries worldwide seek pathways to maritime decarbonization, South Korea’s integrated approach — combining regulatory frameworks, public-private partnerships, and technological innovation — offers valuable lessons for the global shipping industry.
Another milestone in fuel cell development for maritime, after reporting on earlier developments. This time for a very well known Japanese brand in propulsion: Yanmar. If they can apply the same rigor in their fuel cell offering as their engines this is a very promising development. Finally ship owners can choose fuel cells from a well-known maritime supplier.
Pioneering Sustainable Maritime Solutions
Yanmar Power Technology has achieved a significant milestone. Their GH320FC Maritime Hydrogen Fuel Cell System received Approval in Principle (AiP) from DNV, a leading classification society.
Source: Yanmar
Modular design
The GH320FC is designed for easy installation across various vessels. Its modular design allows multiple units to connect in parallel, meeting diverse power needs. This flexibility makes it ideal for coastal ferries, inland cargo ships, and port service vessels, especially in Europe’s low-emission zones.
The power output is 300 kW which bring the fuel cell into the larger segment, which is required for shipping’s multi-megawatt.
European decarbonization
Eric Tigelaar, Yanmar Europe’s Commercial Marine Department Manager, emphasized the system’s role in providing sustainable energy solutions. Masaru Hirose, General Manager at Yanmar Power Technology, highlighted its contribution to European decarbonization goals, building on successful deployments in Japan.
DNV’s Olaf Drews praised the system’s potential in achieving zero-emission operations. He noted that fuel cells with renewable fuels offer efficient, scalable power solutions for the maritime industry’s future.
This approval marks a pivotal step toward cleaner maritime operations. Yanmar’s innovation aligns with global efforts to reduce emissions and promote sustainable energy in marine transport.
In a groundbreaking development for the maritime industry, Italian shipbuilder Fincantieri and Swiss cruise line Viking have unveiled the world’s first cruise ship powered by liquid hydrogen stored onboard. This pioneering vessel, named Viking Libra, is currently under construction at Fincantieri’s Ancona shipyard, with delivery anticipated in late 2026. This has been long in the making but very good to see this public announcement. It is another confirmation of the role liquid hydrogen can play in maritime transport.
Source: Viking cruises
The Viking Libra represents a significant advancement in sustainable maritime technology. With a gross tonnage of approximately 54,300 tons and a length of 239 meters, the ship is engineered to operate with zero emissions. Its state-of-the-art hydrogen propulsion system, combined with advanced fuel cell technology, is capable of generating up to 6 megawatts of power.
A notable feature of the Viking Libra is its innovative approach to hydrogen storage and utilization. The vessel will incorporate a containerized system designed to load and store hydrogen directly onboard, effectively addressing existing supply chain challenges. This hydrogen will fuel a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell system, specifically optimized for cruise operations and developed by Isotta Fraschini Motori (IFM), a subsidiary of Fincantieri specializing in advanced fuel cell technology.
Torstein Hagen, Chairman and CEO of Viking, expressed pride in this environmental milestone:
“From the outset, we have designed our river and ocean ships thoughtfully to reduce their fuel consumption, and we are very proud that the Viking Libra and the Viking Astrea will be even more environmentally friendly. Viking made the principled decision to invest in hydrogen, which offers a true zero-emission solution. We look forward to welcoming the world’s first hydrogen-powered cruise ship to our fleet in 2026.”
Expanding the Fincantieri-Viking Partnership
In addition to the Viking Libra, Fincantieri is constructing the Viking Astrea, another hydrogen-powered vessel scheduled for delivery in 2027. This initiative underscores Viking’s commitment to sustainable cruising and marks a significant step toward reducing the environmental impact of maritime travel.
Further strengthening their collaboration, Fincantieri and Viking have signed an agreement for the construction of two additional cruise ships, set for delivery in 2031. This contract includes an option for two more vessels and is based on the successful design features of previous units built by Fincantieri for Viking. These new ships will comply with the latest environmental regulations and incorporate modern safety systems. Positioned in the small cruise ship segment, each will have a gross tonnage of about 54,300 tons and accommodate 998 passengers across 499 cabins.
Pierroberto Folgiero, CEO and Managing Director of Fincantieri, highlighted the significance of this partnership:
“With the Viking Libra, we are not only delivering the world’s first cruise ship powered by hydrogen stored on board, but we are also reinforcing our commitment to shaping the future of sustainable maritime transportation. Furthermore, we are thrilled about Viking’s decision to expand its fleet with the order of two additional ships, which reaffirms the strength of our partnership and the trust placed in our expertise.”
Pioneering Sustainable Maritime Transportation
The launch of the Viking Libra signifies a pivotal moment in the cruise industry’s journey toward sustainability. By integrating hydrogen fuel technology, Viking and Fincantieri are setting new standards for eco-friendly maritime operations, paving the way for a future where zero-emission cruising becomes the norm.
As the maritime sector continues to seek innovative solutions to reduce its environmental footprint, collaborations like that of Fincantieri and Viking exemplify the transformative potential of embracing green technologies. The Viking Libra and its sister ships stand as beacons of progress, heralding a new era in sustainable sea travel.
In February this site already reported on five Dutch hydrogen ships winning subsidy. Now the general public is introduced to one of those vessels: the H2ESTIA Project. Spearheaded by the Nederlandse Innovatie Maatschappij (NIM), this project aims to develop the world’s first zero-emission general cargo ship powered by liquid hydrogen, marking a significant milestone in the quest for greener shipping solutions.
Project Overview
The H2ESTIA Project focuses on the design, construction, and demonstration of a hydrogen-powered cargo vessel intended for operations in the North Sea and beyond. Managed by Van Dam Shipping, a family-run short-sea and inland shipping company, the vessel is designed to transport bulk goods without emitting harmful pollutants, thereby redefining sustainable maritime logistics.
Source: NIM
Innovative Technological Integration
Central to the project’s innovation is its integrated approach to hydrogen propulsion. The vessel will feature a newly designed cryogenic hydrogen storage and bunkering system, ensuring the safe handling and storage of liquid hydrogen at extremely low temperatures. Propulsion will be achieved through a hydrogen fuel cell system complemented by batteries, delivering clean and efficient power.
To enhance energy efficiency further, the ship will incorporate:
Wind-Assisted Propulsion: Utilizing wind power to reduce reliance on hydrogen fuel.
Waste Heat Recovery Systems: Capturing and reusing excess heat to improve overall energy utilization.
Additionally, the implementation of digital twin technology will create a virtual model of the ship, allowing for real-time monitoring, operational optimization, and enhanced safety measures.
Collaborative Effort
The H2ESTIA Project is supported by a consortium of leading maritime and technology organizations, including TNO, MARIN, the University of Twente, Cryovat, EnginX, Encontech, and classification society RINA. This collaborative effort is further backed by the Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, highlighting the project’s national significance in advancing sustainable shipping practices.
Statements from Key Stakeholders
Sander Roosjen, CTO at NIM, emphasized the project’s groundbreaking nature: “H2ESTIA is a flagship project for commercial shipping. By integrating hydrogen technology with digital innovation, we are proving that zero-emission shipping is not just a vision—it is an achievable reality.”
Jan van Dam, CEO of Van Dam Shipping, highlighted the importance of collaborative efforts: “Parallel to the H2ESTIA Project, we are working on securing the supply, as well as the necessary bunkering and logistics. This is a combined effort, as a single ship alone does not generate sufficient demand. Collaboration at this stage is what transforms our ambitions into reality.”
Implications for the Maritime Industry
The H2ESTIA Project aims to demonstrate both the technological readiness and economic viability of hydrogen-powered cargo vessels, paving the way for their commercial deployment. By addressing challenges such as hydrogen system certification, risk management, and crew training, the project sets a precedent for the safe integration of hydrogen technology into maritime operations.
As the maritime industry continues to seek sustainable alternatives to traditional fossil fuels, initiatives like H2ESTIA exemplify the potential of hydrogen as a clean energy source, offering a promising pathway toward achieving zero-emission shipping in the near future.
Another maritime fuel cell supplier achieves Approval in Principle as a first step toward commercialization for maritime applications. The recent flurry of announcements regarding fuel cell approvals is a good sign. More competition is required in this space.
A Milestone for Maritime Decarbonization
Singapore-based innovator Sydrogen Energy has achieved a significant breakthrough, securing crucial certification milestones for its maritime hydrogen fuel cell technology. Sydrogen’s Maritime Fuel Cell, the SydroPOWER MZ250N, recently received a Basic Design Assessment (BDA) Statement and Approval in Principle (AiP)from Bureau Veritas Marine & Offshore (BV). The statements mark a vital step toward commercializing advanced hydrogen-based energy solutions in maritime operations.
Source: Sydrogen
Advanced Fuel Cell Technology
The SydroPOWER MZ250N incorporates proven automotive hydrogen fuel cell technology from Sydrogen’s partner, Shanghai Hydrogen Propulsion Technology (SHPT). Designed specifically for maritime environments, this fuel cell system promises reliable and efficient power for various applications, including commercial vessels and offshore platforms. The system significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions and pollutants, contributing directly to global climate goals and cleaner oceans.
Rigorous Certification and Validation
The BDA Statement from Bureau Veritas confirms that the SydroPOWER MZ250N meets stringent safety, performance, and reliability standards. This rigorous evaluation process reinforces Sydrogen’s commitment to excellence and highlights the reliability of their technology. This certification demonstrates the industry’s increasing acceptance and readiness for hydrogen-based maritime solutions.
Industry Leaders Voice Support
Teo Eng Dih, Chief Executive of the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore, praised Sydrogen’s milestone, stating, “We welcome the efforts by Sydrogen and its partners in advancing hydrogen fuel cell technology for maritime use. The Basic Design Assessment is an encouraging milestone that reflects momentum across the industry to explore cleaner energy solutions.”
Gian Yi-Hsen, CEO of Sydrogen, emphasized the impact of this achievement, noting, “Receiving this Basic Design Assessment Statement from Bureau Veritas marks a transformative moment for Sydrogen Energy. This achievement is not just a validation of our technology’s safety and reliability; it represents a significant step forward in our mission to revolutionize maritime energy solutions.”
Moving Forward with Sustainable Maritime Energy
With the certification milestone achieved, Sydrogen is now positioned to accelerate deployment of the SydroPOWER MZ250N. The company is actively engaging with potential customers and industry partners to launch pilot projects and commercial installations. These efforts will help drive maritime operations toward a sustainable, zero-emission future.
This certification highlights not only Sydrogen’s innovative approach but also underscores the broader maritime industry’s commitment to sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions.
France has recently unveiled a significant deposit of natural hydrogen, often referred to as “white hydrogen,” in the Lorraine region. With all the recent struggles of green hydrogen, white hydrogen feels like a dream scenario that could boost world-wide adoption of hydrogen in all applications including shipping. In my view the potential is so great, it should become a European moonshot approach: get white hydrogen out of the ground at industrial scale by 2035.
Understanding White Hydrogen
White hydrogen is naturally occurring molecular hydrogen found in the Earth’s crust, formed through various geological processes. Unlike green hydrogen, which is produced via electrolysis using renewable energy, or gray hydrogen, derived from natural gas, white hydrogen is extracted directly from underground deposits. This direct extraction can lead to lower production costs and reduced environmental impact.
Details of the French Discovery
In the Lorraine region, researchers have identified a substantial reservoir of natural hydrogen. Estimates suggest this deposit could contain up to 250 million tonnes of hydrogen, sufficient to meet current global demand for over two years. This finding not only underscores France’s potential in the clean energy sector but also highlights the country’s commitment to innovative energy solutions.
Cost Implications of White Hydrogen Production
One of the most compelling aspects of white hydrogen is its cost-effectiveness. Current extraction costs range between $0.50 to $1 per kilogram, depending on factors like deposit depth and purity. This positions white hydrogen as a competitive alternative to both gray and green hydrogen:
Gray Hydrogen: Produced from natural gas, its costs have risen due to fluctuating gas prices, now averaging around €6 per kilogram.
Green Hydrogen: Produced via electrolysis using renewable energy, it remains relatively expensive, with costs ranging from $6 to $12 per kilogram.
Implications for the Future
The discovery of white hydrogen in France could significantly influence the global energy market by providing a more affordable and cleaner energy source. If harnessed effectively, it has the potential to reduce reliance on fossil fuels, decrease greenhouse gas emissions, and accelerate the transition to a sustainable energy future.
France’s search for white hydrogen is not an isolated occurrence, as the map below shows. More details available here.
Source: Wood Mackenzie
In conclusion, France’s recent discovery of white hydrogen not only highlights the country’s potential in the renewable energy sector but also offers a glimpse into a future where clean, cost-effective energy is accessible on a global scale.
Over the last months several fuel cells have reached approval milestones from classification societies. This is very encouraging to see as this clear a large hurdle to maritime applications. This article compares the LT-PEM fuel cells currently available for maritime use.
LT-PEM fuel cells
Hydrogen fuel cells are becoming the go-to technology for zero-emission maritime propulsion. Among these, low-temperature proton exchange membrane (LT-PEM) fuel cells are particularly suited to shipping. They’re compact, modular, and efficient.
Below table gives an overview of the relevant fuel cells for maritime applications.
Manufacturer
Model
Rated Power
Dimensions (L×W×H)
Inlet Hydrogen Pressure
Class Approval
Commercial Use Status
Notable Projects
Ballard Power (Canada)
FCwave™
200 kW (modular)
1209×741×2195 mm
3.5–6.5 bar(g)
DNV, LR, ABS (Type Approval)
In operation
Norled MF Hydra, H₂ Barge 2, Zulu06
Vinssen (S. Korea)
60 kW Stack (120 kW system)
60 kW per stack (120 kW system)
Compact (N/A)
Low-pressure (N/A)
RINA (Type Approval)
Approved, demo ongoing
Vinssen demo vessel, KR AiP tug
Hanwha Aerospace (S. Korea)
200 kW Marine PEMFC
200 kW
N/A (prototype)
5–7 bar (expected)
DNV/KR (AiP)
AiP granted, not yet deployed
Integration with Hanwha Ocean
TECO 2030 (Norway)
FCM400
400 kW per module
Containerized (N/A)
5–8 bar
DNV (AiP)
AiP granted
HyEkoTank, ZEAS projects
PowerCell Sweden
Marine System 225
225 kW
1200×900×2000 mm
3–8 bar(g)
DNV/LR compliance (pending Type Approval)
Deliveries underway
Italian shipbuilder, cruise ships
Nedstack PemGen 300 (Netherlands)
PemGen® 300
~825 kW (3×275 kW)
Installed in vessel hold (N/A)
0.3–6 bar(g)
Lloyd’s Register
In operation
H₂ Barge 1 (Rotterdam-Antwerp)
Nedstack PemGen 600 (Netherlands)
PemGen® 600
600 kW (740 kW peak)
6060×2440×2900 mm (20′ container)
0.3–6 bar(g)
BV (AiP)
AiP granted
Available for inland/coastal vessels
Cummins/Hydrogenics (USA)
Hydrogenics HD
360 kW total
Installed onboard (N/A)
Regulated from 350 bar
US Coast Guard approved
In operation
Sea Change ferry (California)
EODev (France)
REXH₂®
70 kW per module
1710×1060×1020 mm
5–7 bar(g)
BV (Type Approval)
Type Approved, deployments upcoming
PROMETEO catamaran, Energy Observer
Corvus Energy (Norway)
Pelican Fuel Cell
340 kW (4×85 kW)
2160×1427×2320 mm
5.4–14 bar(g)
DNV (Type Approval)
Type Approved, prototype phase
Short-sea vessels, ferries (planned)
EH-Group (Swiss)
EH TRACE-M250
250 kW
Compact (N/A)
Low-pressure (N/A)
DNV (AiP)
AiP granted
Maritime applications
Genevos (France)
HPM-250
250 kW
1400×800×1800 mm
>2.5 bar(a)
BV (AiP)
AiP granted
Nordics ferry project, workboats
Let’s take a closer look at some of the leading LT-PEM hydrogen fuel cell solutions available for maritime applications.
Proven and In-Service Solutions
Several manufacturers already have fuel cells operating commercially at sea.
Ballard Power Systems leads with its FCwave™, a 200 kW module scalable to megawatt levels. The FCwave™ received type approval from DNV, Lloyd’s Register, and ABS. It’s in active use aboard vessels like the Norled MF Hydra, the world’s first liquid hydrogen ferry. Other deployments include H₂ Barge 2 and the Zulu06 inland vessel.
Nedstack from the Netherlands offers the PemGen® 300, delivering around 825 kW through multiple stacks. It powers the H₂ Barge 1, an inland container vessel servicing Rotterdam and Antwerp since 2023. Nedstack’s modular approach provides flexibility for retrofitting existing vessels. After running in financial difficulties in 2024 Nedstack was taken over by German Freudenberg.
Cummins (Hydrogenics), with its 360 kW system, powers the Sea Change ferry in California. The system secured approval from the U.S. Coast Guard, highlighting its reliability for passenger transport.
Fuel Cells with Type Approvals
Other fuel cell systems have gained recent class approvals, signaling readiness for commercial deployment.
South Korea’s Vinssen earned RINA type approval in 2025 for its 60 kW stacks (assembled into 120 kW systems). Vinssen’s systems are ideal for smaller vessels, harbor tugs, and ferries. A demonstration vessel is already underway.
Norway’s Corvus Energy developed the 340 kW Pelican fuel cell pack, based on Toyota modules. It achieved DNV type approval in 2024. Corvus targets short-sea shipping and ferries, promising rapid adoption in Northern Europe.
France’s EODev secured Bureau Veritas type approval for its modular 70 kW REXH₂® unit. The system’s first marine installation is set for the PROMETEO catamaran, emphasizing flexibility and scalability.
Systems Nearing Commercial Deployment
Other players hold Approval in Principle (AiP) from classification societies, signaling they’re close to commercial rollout.
Hanwha Aerospace from South Korea holds AiP from DNV and Korean Register for its 200 kW marine PEMFC. Hanwha targets larger commercial vessels and integration with ammonia-to-hydrogen solutions.
TECO 2030 of Norway has DNV AiP for its powerful 400 kW FCM400 module. Unfortunately current status of this development is unclear due to the filing for bankruptcy of the company.
PowerCell Sweden developed the Marine System 225, optimized at 225 kW per module. Already selected for cruise ships and commercial orders, full type approval is expected soon.
Genevos from France has an AiP for its compact 250 kW HPM-250. Its modular design suits smaller workboats, ferries, and offshore vessels.
EH-Group from Swiss has an AiP from DNV for the 250 kW EH-Trace-M250 unit since 2024. The unit has a high power density which makes it well-suited for multi-MW applications.
Why It Matters
LT-PEM fuel cells are a critical piece of maritime decarbonization. With type approvals and commercial projects expanding, these systems offer proven, certified solutions. Shipowners can now confidently adopt hydrogen propulsion technology.
In the coming years, expect rapid growth in zero-emission maritime vessels. LT-PEM fuel cells are leading this charge, delivering reliable, scalable, and emission-free energy at sea.
