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Sailing: 16

Ordered: 33

Proposed: 19

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  • Energy Observer 2 – Fuel EU Maritime

    In my previous post I explained how the Energy Observer 2 is a new milestone for hydrogen powered vessels. This post analyzes a typical operation for such vessel across European ports in an assumed schedule and evaluates its potential benefits from Fuel EU Maritime.

    Operational Snapshot

    The vessel operates between key European ports on the west coast:

    PortDistance (nautical miles)Port MovesWaiting Time (hours)Maneuvering Time (hours)
    Hamburg40560022
    Antwerp25250022
    Le Havre46340022
    La Rochelle10320022
    Bordeaux99650022
    Total2,2192,2001010
    Overview of EO2 trade route

    Speed, Time, and Energy Calculations

    The vessel operates at a service speed of 12 knots for regular operations. The journey duration and corresponding energy consumption were calculated as follows:

    • Total sailing days: 7.70 (12 knots)
    • Energy consumption during sailing: 554,750 kWh
    • Port energy consumption: 20,000 kWh (port waiting and maneuvering energy combined)

    Based on the following assumed power ratings:

    • Sailing: 3,000 kW
    • Maneuvering: 1,500 kW
    • Port operations: 500 kW

    Hydrogen Fuel Usage and Emissions

    With a typical consumption rate of 60 grams of LH2 per kWh for fuel cells and no further losses assumed, the vessel’s total hydrogen fuel usage per journey is 34.5 tons. Annually, considering regular operations of one round-trip every two weeks, the vessel consumes 897 tons of liquid hydrogen, or 2.5 tons per day.

    Fuel EU Maritime

    The Fuel EU Maritime regulations that came into force this year is meant to enforce the adoption of renewable fuels and to reward early adopters. When we consider the above amount of RFNBO hydrogen in Fuel EU maritime it demonstrates a strong over-compliance compared to requirements in 2029. This can be verified in any free online calculate like provided here. 

    Moreover, this over-compliance can be traded at marketplaces which came into operation this year (for example here and here). If we assume a rate of €320 per ton CO2-eq – half of the penalty rate – this give a value of €2.55 million. Or €2.85 per kilo LH2. Whether this amount itself justifies to cost of sailing on liquid hydrogen is doubtful but at least it reduced the operational cost of doing so.

    A Path Forward

    This analysis showcases the potential effect of Fuel EU maritime on hydrogen-powered ships across European shipping routes. As port infrastructure evolves to support hydrogen refueling, this mode of operation will become increasingly viable.

    The hydrogen shipping revolution is just beginning—charting the way toward a sustainable and efficient future.

    What’s your take on hydrogen-powered shipping? Share your thoughts below!

  • Energy Observer 2, a new milestone

    In the past week, more information became known about the largest vessel to-date to operate on liquid hydrogen: the Energy Observer 2 (EO2), a project spearheaded by Energy Observer in collaboration with partners like LMG Marin. This blog post summarizes what is known to date about this large vessel.

    Introducing Energy Observer 2

    Building upon the success of the original Energy Observer—a vessel that demonstrated the viability of renewable energy and hydrogen integration—the EO2 project aims to revolutionize cargo shipping. This 160-meter containership will carry up to 1,100 TEU containers, operating entirely on liquid hydrogen, thereby ensuring zero-emission voyages. Zero emission operation is scheduled to take place on a route along the west coast of Europe. This will connect major ports such as Hamburg, Rotterdam, Antwerp, and Bordeaux, offering a new green corridor on a high-traffic maritime route.

    Source: LMG Marin

    Key Features of EO2:

    • Sustainable Propulsion: Equipped with electric propulsion powered by 4.8 MW fuel cells developed in partnership with EODev and Toyota, EO2 exemplifies cutting-edge maritime technology.
    • Innovative Design: Two large C-type liquid hydrogen tanks located on the aft deck with a total volume of 1,000 m3.
    • Operational Efficiency: With a range of up to 4,000 nautical miles, EO2 is tailored for intra-continental and coastal routes. This is a sustainable alternative to traditional road transportation.
    • No sails: surprisingly, this latest design does not show the Oceanwings’ sails that were present in earlier designs. One possible reason for this omission is the potential interference with cargo operations(?).

    Collaborative Efforts

    The development of EO2 is a testament to collaborative innovation. LMG Marin, renowned for its expertise in decarbonized propulsion, is leading the ship’s design. Other key partners include Air Liquide, CMA CGM Group, Bureau Veritas, and Ayro, each contributing specialized knowledge to ensure the project’s success.

    European Union’s Support

    Highlighting its commitment to sustainable maritime solutions, the European Union’s Innovation Fund has awarded the EO2 project €40 million. See also this blog post.This funding should cover all green equipment cost and a significant amount of operational expense. The grant accelerates the path toward constructing and operating the world’s largest liquid hydrogen-powered cargo ship by 2029.

    A Vision for the Future

    EO2 is not just another ship; it’s a vision for the future of maritime transport. By integrating advanced technologies and fostering international collaboration, it aims to set a new standard for zero-emission shipping due to it’s larger scale, aligning with global efforts to combat climate change.

    As the maritime industry navigates toward a sustainable future, projects like Energy Observer 2 illuminate the course, demonstrating that with innovation and cooperation, zero-emission shipping is not just an aspiration but an achievable reality.

  • Unlocking Hidden Energy: Gold Hydrogen Beneath Our Feet

    The cost of green hydrogen has not gone down yet they way it should have according to predictions. This is disappointing and a risk to the maritime industry using hydrogen as fuel. However here is positive news for the longer term: golden hydrogen.

    Gold hydrogen

    Hydrogen is not just an energy source for the future; it’s already beneath our feet. The unseen and untapped potential of naturally occurring hydrogen, known as “gold” hydrogen, has come to light. Engineers and geologists have now mapped this hydrogen across the United States.

    A groundbreaking map reveals hydrogen reserves under at least 30 U.S. states. This map is the first of its kind, showcasing regions rich in this valuable resource. Such findings could transform energy production, making it more sustainable and economically viable.

    Source: USGS https://certmapper.cr.usgs.gov/data/apps/hydrogen/

    The map results from new research aimed at understanding subsurface hydrogen presence. Scientists believe that geological processes produce this hydrogen naturally. It leaks to the surface from deep within the Earth over thousands of years.

    Cost effectiveness

    Using this gold hydrogen could redefine renewable energy. Unlike traditional hydrogen production, which is energy-intensive, gold hydrogen is naturally available. It offers a cleaner alternative, potentially reducing reliance on fossil fuels.

    The key advantage is its cost-effectiveness. Tapping into these reserves could be cheaper than producing hydrogen artificially. This natural hydrogen has a lower environmental footprint, contributing to a greener planet.

    Challenges ahead

    Navigating challenges is essential to harness this resource. There needs to be a focus on technology development for efficient extraction. Furthermore, sustainable practices must guard against potential environmental impacts.

    The discovery opens doors for renewed interest in hydrogen as a crucial player in energy strategy. By investing in research and development, the U.S. can lead global efforts in clean energy innovation.

    In summary, gold hydrogen holds promise for the future of sustainable energy. With these new findings, a path to cleaner production and economic opportunity lies ahead. As the demand for alternative energy grows, the significance of such discoveries becomes ever more critical.

  • Revolutionizing Clean Shipping with BeHydro’s Hydrogen Engines

    BeHydro’s approach is fascinating. Their hydrogen engines combine the familiarity of combustion technology with the cleanest fuel, making them an appealing solution for shipbuilders and operators. By integrating hydrogen into a well-known engine format, they address a critical challenge: adopting new technology without overhauling existing expertise.

    BeHydro’s hydrogen engines are driving a new era in sustainable maritime transport. The Dutch government has chosen these engines for a subsidy program aimed at slashing shipping emissions. This decision highlights the Netherlands’ leadership in green shipping technology.

    BeHydro, a collaboration between ABC Engines and CMB.TECH, produces dual-fuel and hydrogen-only engines. Their products deliver power ranging from 600 kW to 2.7 MW, making them suitable for many vessel types. These engines significantly cut greenhouse gas emissions, helping the maritime industry reduce its carbon footprint.

    Source: BeHydro

    The subsidy program promotes innovative technologies for cleaner shipping. With BeHydro’s engines, vessels can operate more sustainably and reduce their environmental impact.

    Hydrogen’s role in shipping continues to grow. Its ability to enable zero-emission operations positions it as a key solution for meeting global climate targets. BeHydro’s engines offer a practical way for ships to adopt this green fuel.

    This program also supports BeHydro’s expansion and cements the Netherlands’ role in maritime innovation. By focusing on cleaner technologies, the shipping industry can accelerate its transition to greener operations.

    The partnership between BeHydro and the Dutch government exemplifies how innovation and support can create lasting environmental change. Hydrogen engines are steering the shipping sector towards a cleaner future.

  • 2024: Record deliveries and orders

    While 2024 is generally seen as a year of delays and set-backs for industrial hydrogen projects, not so for hydrogen in shipbuilding. This year has been very eventful with a large number of hydrogen-fueled ships entering into operation(6) as well as new ships (16!) being announced, backed by subsidies from Norway and the EU. This is a very positive development, especially because these newly publicized vessels are significantly larger in size and power requirement.

    Many vessels delivered

    In 2024 a large number hydrogen vessels entered into operation, which clearly demonstrate the feasibility of hydrogen as fuel. Among those vessels are the following.

    • Project 821, the Feadship superyacht on liquid hydrogen. See details here.
    • Hydromer dredging vessel, though awaiting the hydrogen installation on deck
    • Coastal Liberty with a hydrogen system for auxiliary power on deck.
    • H2 Barge 2, the next inland vessel of Future Proof Shipping.
    • Zulu 06 another inland barge on hydrogen.
    • Hydrocat 55, another crew transfer vessel of Windcat.

    Enova enables more project of zero-emission ships

    This year Enova, Norway’s state enterprise dedicated to promoting environmentally friendly energy solutions, significantly advanced the maritime sector’s transition to zero-emission vessels through substantial funding initiatives.

    In June, Enova announced its largest-ever funding allocation within the maritime transport sector, committing NOK 1.2 billion to support the development of ammonia and hydrogen-powered vessels. Then in December the next funding round was announced with two more hydrogen vessels.

    The beneficiaries to develop the 11 more hydrogen ships are:

    • Maris Fiducia five hydrogen-powered dry-bulk vessels.
    • Halten Bulk: two dry bulk vessels.
    • Napier: two general cargo ships.
    • Møre Sjø: live fish carrier.
    • Cruise Service: two hydrogen-powered passenger vessels.

    Equally important, in a separate funding round, Enova granted EUR 65 million to five hydrogen production projects aimed at supplying fuel for ships.

    And so does the EU

    On 22 October results of the 2023 EU Innovation Fund call were announced. 85 innovative net-zero projects were selected to receive grants of a total €4.8 billion. A small part of this went so shipping projects to demonstrate the feasibility of sailing on liquid hydrogen.

    • Swap2Zero Ponant’s cruise ship project with liquid hydrogen for auxiliary power
    • Samskip’s HydroShuttles two liquid hydrogen-powered containerships.
    • Energy Observer 2 a 1,100 TEU containership on liquid hydrogen.

    More information will be made available on this site’s ships page.

    The awarded EU Innovation Fund grants will also support a number of industrial developments of hydrogen infrastructure in compressed and liquid state to support the maritime industry. More details on that later in this blog.

    On a slightly smaller scale but equally important, the Dutch Maritime Masterplan has also awarded subsidies to a few hydrogen shipbuilding projects just before the end of 2024. However these have not yet been publicly announced.

  • EU grants hydrogen vessels

    Very pleased to see the EU Innovation fund specifically supporting three projects developing vessels operating on hydrogen. Ponant enables environmental friendly cruising with a very interesting mix of technologies. Samskip continues their venture into hydrogen vessels after already ordering the Sea Shuttles. While the original Energy Observer get is much larger container-carrying sister.

    In November 2023, the European Commission announced the recipients of the EU Innovation Fund 2023, dedicating substantial grants to pioneering projects aimed at decarbonizing the maritime industry. Among the notable beneficiaries are:

    Ponant’s SWAP2ZERO Project

    • Grant Amount: Not publicly disclosed.
    • Project Overview: Ponant, a French luxury cruise operator, is developing the world’s first transoceanic vessel targeting carbon neutrality.
    • Key Features:
      • Wind Propulsion: A sail power system providing up to 50% of the vessel’s propulsion energy.
      • Solar Energy: Approximately 1,000 square meters of eco-friendly photovoltaic panels.
      • Fuel Cells: Integration of both low-temperature and high-temperature fuel cells for propulsion and hotel load needs.
      • Carbon Capture: Onboard technology to capture and reuse CO₂ emissions.
    • Operational Target: Aiming for zero CO₂ emissions during operation with one month of autonomy.
    • Planned Launch: The vessel is expected to be operational by 2030.

    Samskip’s HydroShuttles

    • Grant Amount: Funding details not publicly disclosed.
    • Project Overview: Samskip, a leading logistics company, is developing hydrogen-powered short-sea vessels designed for efficient, clean coastal transport.
    • Key Features:
      • Hydrogen Fuel Cells: Utilization of advanced fuel cell technology for propulsion.
      • Scalable Hydrogen Storage: Innovative storage solutions to support extended operations.
    • Impact: Aiming to reduce emissions in regional trade routes, showcasing the viability of hydrogen for short-sea shipping applications.

    Energy Observer 2 (EO2)

    • Grant Amount: €40 million from the EU Innovation Fund.
    • Project Overview: Building upon the success of the original Energy Observer, EO2 is a 160-meter liquid hydrogen-powered container ship.
    • Key Features:
      • Fuel Cell Capacity: Equipped with 4.8 MW of fuel cells developed by EODev in partnership with Toyota.
      • Cargo Capacity: Capable of carrying up to 1,100 TEU containers.
      • Range: Designed for a 1,600 nautical mile route over 14 days.
    • Operational Target: Scheduled for commercial operation by 2029 on Europe’s Atlantic and Channel coasts.
    • Environmental Impact: Projected to reduce CO₂ emissions by 112,250 tonnes over ten years, equivalent to the annual absorption of 190,000 mature trees.

  • Hydrogen Pricing in the EU: Challenges and Opportunities

    This post is based on the recent Bloomberg article which highlight hydrogen challenges. The challenges mentioned align with my own experience: delayed project and high pricing present another challenge for ship owners who decided to take the leap and use green hydrogen as fuel. However, with a new round of EU Hydrogen Bank auction, Fuel EU Maritime kicking in, and more hydrogen vessel deliveries 2025 may bring positive changes.

    As the European Union (EU) races towards its ambitious net-zero emissions target, hydrogen is emerging as a cornerstone of its energy transition strategy. However, a closer look at hydrogen pricing reveals both the promise and the challenges of integrating this versatile fuel into Europe’s decarbonization framework.

    Current Hydrogen Pricing Landscape in the EU

    • Green Hydrogen Costs: Today, the production costs of green hydrogen in the EU range from €3.50 to €10 per kilogram, driven by the high expenses associated with renewable energy and electrolyzer technology. Despite these challenges, BloombergNEF (BNEF) predicts that by 2050, advancements in technology and economies of scale will reduce costs to €1.50 to €5 per kilogram.
    • Gray Hydrogen Costs: The EU currently relies heavily on gray hydrogen, which is produced from natural gas without capturing carbon emissions. Gray hydrogen remains cheaper at €1 to €2 per kilogram, but its environmental impact is increasingly penalized by rising carbon taxes under the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS).

    The Role of Policy and Subsidies

    To bridge the cost gap between gray and green hydrogen, the EU has introduced a range of policy measures:

    • European Hydrogen Bank: A funding initiative aimed at scaling hydrogen production and infrastructure.
    • National Hydrogen Strategies: Many member states have outlined clear roadmaps for hydrogen development, focusing on industrial use and transport applications.

    Despite these efforts, regulatory hurdles and delays in funding allocation are slowing the momentum. Streamlining approval processes for renewable energy projects and electrolyzer installations is essential to accelerate progress.

    Overcoming Market Challenges

    The EU hydrogen market faces several key obstacles:

    1. Project Delays: High upfront costs and regulatory complexity have caused delays and cancellations of hydrogen projects across the region.
    2. Demand Uncertainty: While sectors like steelmaking, chemicals, and heavy transport view hydrogen as critical for decarbonization, the lack of stable pricing and economic incentives has dampened immediate demand.
    3. Infrastructure Gaps: Investments in pipelines, storage, and fueling stations remain insufficient to support widespread hydrogen adoption.

    A Path Forward for Green Hydrogen

    Despite these challenges, the long-term prospects for green hydrogen in the EU remain strong. The declining costs of renewable energy, combined with technological innovations in electrolyzers, position the EU to become a global leader in hydrogen production.

    To achieve this, the EU must:

    • Expand its carbon pricing mechanisms to further discourage gray hydrogen use.
    • Provide greater clarity and consistency in funding for hydrogen projects.
    • Strengthen international partnerships to secure raw materials and share technological expertise.

    Conclusion

    The EU’s commitment to hydrogen reflects its broader ambition to lead the world in clean energy innovation. While the road to widespread hydrogen adoption is fraught with challenges, targeted investments and policy support can turn green hydrogen from a costly innovation into a competitive, indispensable fuel for the future.

    By addressing these barriers head-on, the EU has the potential to set a global benchmark for integrating hydrogen into a sustainable energy economy.

  • China Launches Hydrogen-Powered Inland Container Vessel

    Just when you wonder why China is not exploring the potential of hydrogen as fuel for inland barges, news drops of the first vessel being launched already.

    China has taken a major step in advancing zero-emission maritime technology with the launch of its first large hydrogen fuel cell-powered inland container vessel, the Dong Fang Qing Gang. This innovative vessel highlights China’s commitment to reducing emissions from its inland shipping sector while exploring the potential of hydrogen fuel cell technology.

    Key Features of Dong Fang Qing Gang

    • Hydrogen Fuel Cells: The vessel is equipped with two 240 kW hydrogen fuel cells developed by Sinosynergy, marking the company’s entry into high-power maritime applications.
    • Hydrogen Storage: Its storage system holds 550 kg of hydrogen, enabling a range of approximately 235 miles.
    • Hybrid System: A lithium battery complements the hydrogen power system for increased efficiency.
    • Specifications: The vessel measures 64.9 meters, displaces 2,000 tons, and has a capacity of 64 TEU (equivalent to approximately 1,450 tons).

    Launched in Zhejiang Province on December 18, 2024, the vessel is set to undergo outfitting and testing, with commercial operations between Zhapu port (Jiaxing) and Xiasha port (Hangzhou) beginning in 2025.

    A Global Perspective: Dutch Innovations in Hydrogen Barges

    China’s Dong Fang Qing Gang reflects a growing global interest in hydrogen-powered inland shipping. The Netherlands, a leader in maritime innovation, has been pioneering similar solutions:

    1. Nobian’s Hydrogen Barge: Developed for the transport of salt and chemicals, the Antonie leverages hydrogen fuel cells to achieve emissions-free operation.
    2. Future Proof Shipping’s FPS Maas: Retrofitted with hydrogen fuel cells, the FPS Maas is already operational, showcasing the viability of hydrogen in commercial inland shipping.
    3. Condor H2 Hydrogen Container Swapping: This innovative Dutch system simplifies refueling by enabling hydrogen containers to be swapped seamlessly, ensuring minimal downtime and increased operational flexibility.

    Significance of Hydrogen-Powered Vessels

    Both the Dutch and Chinese initiatives underline the potential of hydrogen as a scalable, sustainable energy source for maritime transport.

    The launch of Dong Fang Qing Gang and similar projects around the world underscore the transformative potential of hydrogen in revolutionizing inland and coastal shipping.

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  • December 2024 Norway subsidy results

    Hydrogen Projects score poorly in Norway’s latest Zero-Emission Vessel Funding

    Norway’s recent allocation of approximately $108 million to 14 zero-emission vessel projects underscores its commitment to sustainable maritime solutions. However, it’s notable that only two hydrogen-powered vessels received funding, despite numerous applications in this category.

    Among the projects awarded, Cruise Service AS secured the subsidy for two hydrogen-powered passenger vessels. Details are not known.

    The limited support for hydrogen initiatives is concerning, given hydrogen’s potential to revolutionize maritime transport, particularly in shortsea shipping. By not capitalizing on the opportunity to fund a broader range of hydrogen projects, Norway may be missing a chance to lead in this transformative technology.

    It’s encouraging to note that Enova plans to hold additional funding rounds, with the next call for hydrogen and ammonia programs anticipated at the end of the first quarter of 2025. This presents an opportunity to reassess and potentially increase support for hydrogen-based maritime solutions in future allocations.

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  • Ferry Hydra pioneering LH2

    a pioneering zero-emission passenger ferry powered by liquid hydrogen.

    Delivery

    In June 2021, the ferry Hydra was delivered from Westcon Yards AS to Norled AS in Stavanger, Norway. Designed by LMG Marine AS, Hydra is the world’s first passenger ferry capable of using hydrogen as fuel. It operates alongside the battery-powered ferry Nesvik on the Hjelmeland–Nesvik–Skipavik route.

    Norled's MF Hydra

    Fuel cells and batteries

    Hydra utilizes liquid hydrogen stored on board to power two hydrogen fuel cells, which continuously charge a large battery pack. The batteries can also be charged dockside at Hjelmeland and Nesvik. The ferry is designed to operate on fuel cells driven by liquid hydrogen for at least 50% of its operating time. Additionally, two diesel generators are installed as backup power sources.

    Norwegian party

    The construction of Hydra involved significant contributions from Norwegian suppliers, including LMG Marin in Bergen, Vestnes Ocean in Florø, Westcon Power & Automation in Haugesund, and AF Aeronmollier in Flekkefjord/Stavanger. In total, 18 Norwegian suppliers and exporters participated in the project, enhancing domestic value creation and supporting the maritime export industry. Export Financing Norway provided guarantees totaling up to 460 million NOK for these environmentally friendly ferry projects.

    Hydra is classified by DNV GL with the following notations: 1A Car Ferry B Battery (Power) E0 LC R4(Nor). The propulsion system features Schottel’s Rudder Propeller SRE 340 L FP. Main generators are Scania DI16 75M models, with Stamford HCM634G2 generators (480-553 kW), all supplied by Nogva Motorfabrikk. Westcon Power & Automation provided and installed the battery system.

    Deck equipment includes anchor winches and capstans from Adria Winch, a Marine Evacuation System (MES) and liferafts from Survitec, and an RSQ 450 G MOB boat from Palfinger. Lighting solutions, including searchlights, floodlights, navigation lights, and both exterior and interior technical lighting, were supplied by Glamox.

    Additional systems comprise ventilation and air conditioning from Novenco, comprehensive e-SEAmatic Blue system integration (including EMS, integrated bridge, IAS, and EPMS) by Westcon Power & Automation, navigation equipment installed by Vico, and CCTV provided by Ocean Electronics.

    Milestone

    The delivery of Hydra marks a significant milestone in the advancement of zero-emission maritime transport, showcasing innovative use of hydrogen fuel technology in passenger ferry operations.